ABSTRACT
Introduction: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought down the economy globally. This study aims to create a "snapshot" of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sleman, Indonesia, collected in the third trimester of 2020. Methods: The sixth wave of the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) was collected through the telephone interview method from September until October 2020. The descriptive statistical analysis included frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. The parameters were demographic, geographic, health insurance, socioeconomic status, and impact of COVID-19 (employment status, changes of expenditure, and financial assistance). Results: From a total of 6,946 HDSS respondents, 1,516 were analysed. Only 6.7% were above 60 years old. The majority lived in urban areas (77.9%), finished middle school (65.7%), married (73.6%), and had insurance (86.8%). Approximately 60% of respondents experienced the economic impact of the pandemic. In addition, a small percentage (3%) of the lower socioeconomic status group (45.8% of total respondents) were laid off or lost their job. Respondents with low socioeconomic status were 2.5, 3.04, and 2.48 times more likely to be concerned about losing their jobs, meeting their basic needs, and fulfilling their financial obligations, respectively. Regarding financial assistance, respondents with low socioeconomic status were 3, 2, and 3 times more likely to receive cash, food voucher, and financial obligation elimination, respectively, than high economic status. Conclusion: Respondents with low socioeconomic status experienced the most significant economic impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the government needs to have better data and quick response to protect the poor population. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The clinic development of COVID-19 screening is essential during the pandemic. AIM: This study aimed to explore and elaborate the development process of the Gadjah Mada Electronic Nose (GeNose) Center as a pilot project for a COVID-19 university-based clinic in Indonesia. METHODS: A narrative and explorative study was conducted. Under the university platform, we initiated the GeNose center through training, simulation, and debriefing. Identification of team member recruitment, location, and apparatus development were described using the retrospective approach. RESULTS: Fifty-one team members were recruited, including person in charge, verifiers, administrative staffs, hotline team, security staffs, and janitors. Standard operating procedures, service system, and safety measures were developed to maintain the quality. Services include the application of COVID-19 protocols, registration and confirmation, education for using the air bag, collecting the air sample, and analysis of samples using the GeNose machine. CONCLUSION: The GeNose center, a model for screening test, provides services for the screening of COVID-19. © 2022 Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Nurul Dyah Kusumawati, Ella Permatasari Wibowo, Hera Nirwati.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity, common condition among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), contributes to illness severity during hospitalization. To date, knowledge on the prevalence, risk of hospital and intensive care units (ICU) admissions and mortality is limited. Therefore, systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline. AIM: The study aimed to address the prevalence, risk of hospital and ICU admissions and mortality among patients with COVID-19 and obesity. METHODS: The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of a study. Primary outcomes were the prevalence and risk of hospitalization, and secondary outcomes were the risk of ICU admissions and mortality risk. Mantel–Haenszel with random effects was applied, and the effect measure was odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the systematic review, and only four studies for meta-analysis. Among 29,776 patients with COVID-19, obesity was identified as the second-highest comorbidity. The prevalence rates of obesity and severe obesity among patients with COVID-19 were 26.1% and 15.5%, respectively. Obesity resulted in significantly increased risk of hospital admission (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.12–3.53, p = 0.02) and ICU admission (OR = 1.77, 95% = CI 1.52–2.06, p < 0.00001). Severe obesity had a significantly increased risk of ICU admission (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.42–2.25, p < 0.00001). The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 and obesity was about 30.5% (438/1,434), and 19.7% (2,777/14,095) of them recovered from COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Obesity poses as nearly twice the risk of hospital and ICU admissions, and severe obesity contributes to almost twice the risk of ICU admissions.